Identificação de helmintos encontrados em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de Feira De Santana, Bahia, Brasil / Identification of helminths found in a sewage treatment plant in Feira De Santana, Bahia, Brazil / Identificación de helmintos encontrados en una estación de tratamiento de alcantarilla De Feira De Santana, Bahía, Brasil

O objetivo desse trabalho foi fazer a descrição morfológica e a identificação de Nematoda encontrados em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. Foram coletadas 56 amostras de 500 mL em todos os pontos das etapas aeróbias do tratamento. As amostras foram processadas para estudo em microscopia óptica de campo claro (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram encontradas larvas L1e L4, classificadas de acordo com o tamanho. As larvas L1 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 255,0?m; diâmetro Md = 15,0?m; vestíbulo bucal Md = 10,0?m; esôfago Md = 82,5?m; e cauda Md = 26,2?m. As larvas L4 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 740,0?m; diâmetro Md = 42,0?m; vestíbulo bucal Md = 22,5?m; esôfago Md = 200,0?m; e cauda Md = 47,5?m. Fêmeas adultas também foram encontradas, caracterizando-se por apresentam esôfago rabditoide, maturação sexual com presença de ovos na tuba uterina em diferentes fases de formação embrionária. Alguns ovos foram vistos larvados, sugerindo um padrão de larviparidade. Os vermes foram considerados de vida livre e classificadas como da Ordem Rhabditida, Família Strongyloidae e Gênero Strongyloides.

The objective of this work was to morphologically describe and identify Nematoda found in a sewage treatment plant in Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil. A total of 56 samples with 500-mL each were collected at all points in the aerobic treatment stages. The samples were processed for bright light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). L1 and L4 larvae were found, classified according to size. L1 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=255.0-?m length; Md=15.0-?m diameter; Md=10.0-?m oral vestibule; Md=82.5-?m esophagus; and Md=26.2 ?m tail. L4 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=740.0-?m length; Md=42.0-?m diameter; Md=22.5-?m oral vestibule; Md=200.0-?m esophagus; and Md=47.5-?m tail. Adult females have also been found, characterized by rhabditoid esophagus, sexual maturation with presence of eggs in the uterine tube at different stages of embryo formation. Some eggs were seen at larvae stage, suggesting a pattern of larvae parity. The worms were considered as free-living and classified in the Rhabditida order, Strongyloidae Family and Strongyloides genus.

El objetivo de ese trabajo fue realizar la descripción morfológica y la identificación de Nematodo encontrados en una estación de tratamiento de alcantarilla de Feira de Santana, BAHIA, Brasil. Fueron recogidas 56 muestras de 500 mL en todos los puntos de las etapas aerobias del tratamiento. Las muestras fueron procesadas para estudio en microscopía óptica de campo claro (MO) y microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB). Se encontraron larvas L1 y L4, clasificados según el tamaño. Las larvas L1 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=255.0?m; diámetro Md=15.0?m; vestíbulo oral Md=10.0 µm; esófago Md=82,5?m; y cola Md=26.2?m. Las larvas L4 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=740.0?m; diámetro Md=42.0?m; vestíbulo oral Md=22,5?m; esófago Md=200.0?m; y cola Md=47.5?m. También se han encontrado hembras adultas, caracterizándose por presentar esófago rabditoide, maduración sexual con presencia de huevos en las trompas uterina en diferentes etapas de la formación del embrión. Algunos huevos fueron vistos larvados, sugiriendo un estándar de larviparidad. Los gusanos fueron considerados de vida libre y clasificados como de Orden Rhabditida, Familia Strongyloidae y género Strongyloides.

Identificação de helmintos encontrados em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil / Identification of helminths found in a sewage treatment plant in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil / Identificación de helmintos encontrados en una estación de tratamiento de alcantarilla de Feira de Santana, Bahía, Brasil

O objetivo desse trabalho foi fazer a descrição morfológica e a identificação de Nematoda encontrados em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. Foram coletadas 56 amostras de 500 mL em todos os pontos das etapas aeróbias do tratamento. As amostras foram processadas para estudo em microscopia óptica de campo claro (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram encontradas larvas L1e L4, classificadas de acordo com o tamanho. As larvas L1 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 255,0μm; diâmetro Md = 15,0μm; vestíbulo bucal Md = 10,0μm; esôfago Md = 82,5μm; e cauda Md = 26,2μm. As larvas L4 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 740,0μm; diâmetro Md = 42,0μm; vestíbulo bucal Md = 22,5μm; esôfago Md = 200,0μm; e cauda Md = 47,5μm. Fêmeas adultas também foram encontradas, caracterizando-se por apresentam esôfago rabditoide, maturação sexual com presença de ovos na tuba uterina em diferentes fases de formação embrionária. Alguns ovos foram vistos larvados, sugerindo um padrão de larviparidade. Os vermes foram considerados de vida livre e classificadas como da Ordem Rhabditida, Família Strongyloidae e Gênero Strongyloides...

The objective of this work was to morphologically describe and identify Nematoda found in a sewage treatment plant in Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil. A total of 56 samples with 500-mL each were collected at all points in the aerobic treatment stages. The samples were processed for bright field light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). L1 and L4 larvae were found, classified according to size. L1 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=255.0-μm length; Md=15.0-μm diameter; Md=10.0-μm oral vestibule; Md=82.5-μm esophagus; and Md=26.2 μm tail. L4 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=740.0-μm length; Md=42.0-μm diameter; Md=22.5-μm oral vestibule; Md=200.0-μm esophagus; and Md=47.5-μm tail. Adult females have also been found, characterized by rhabditoid esophagus, sexual maturation with presence of eggs in the uterine tube at different stages of embryo formation. Some eggs were seen at larvae stage, suggesting a pattern of larvae parity. The worms were considered as free-living and classified in the Rhabditida order, Strongyloidae Family and Strongyloides genus...

El objetivo de ese trabajo fue realizar la descripción morfológica y la identificación de Nematodo encontrados en una estación de tratamiento de alcantarilla de Feira de Santana, BAHIA, Brasil. Fueron recogidas 56 muestras de 500 mL en todos los puntos de las etapas aerobias del tratamiento. Las muestras fueron procesadas para estudio en microscopía óptica de campo claro (MO) y microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB). Se encontraron larvas L1 y L4, clasificados según el tamaño. Las larvas L1 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=255.0μm; diámetro Md=15.0μm; vestíbulo oral Md=10.0 µm; esófago Md=82,5μm; y cola Md=26.2μm. Las larvas L4 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=740.0μm; diámetro Md=42.0μm; vestíbulo oral Md=22,5μm; esófago Md=200.0μm; y cola Md=47.5μm. También se han encontrado hembras adultas, caracterizándose por presentar esófago rabditoide, maduración sexual con presencia de huevos en las trompas uterina en diferentes etapas de la formación del embrión. Algunos huevos fueron vistos larvados, sugiriendo un estándar de larviparidad. Los gusanos fueron considerados de vida libre y clasificados como de Orden Rhabditida, Familia Strongyloidae y género Strongyloides...

Plant Root Hair in Tap Water: A Potential Cause for Diagnostic Confusion / 대한진단검사의학회지

Plant root hairs are commonly found artifacts in parasitology specimens and may be confused with helminthes by an untrained eye. We report a case of brain tuberculoma where the tissue sample was contaminated with root hair derived from tap water; the presence of this root hair, which mimicked a larva, led to diagnostic confusion. Therefore, tap water should be considered a source of root hair and vegetable matter.

The community of gastrointestinal helminths in the housemouse, Mus musculus, in Santiago, Chile

The house mouse, Mus musculus, has been present in Chile since approximately 1600 AD and it is the most tipically synanthropic rodent in Chile. In order to know its parasites a survey was conducted in three different localities in Santiago. The helminthes community was poor in species and only three nematodes species were found: Syphacia obvelata,Aspiculuris tetraptera and Physaloptera calnuensl All these species constitutes the first record in Chile. This is also the first record of P. calnuensis in this host. Syphacia obvelata was the most abundant and the most prevalent.

El ratón doméstico, Mus musculus, está en Chile desde aproximadamente el 1600 DC. y es el más sinantrópico de los roedores chilenos. Para conocer sus parásitos se realizó un estudio en tres diferentes localidades de Santiago. La comunidad de helmintos fue pobre en especies y sólo se encontraron tres especies de helmintos: Syphacia obvelata, Aspiculuris tetraptera y Physaloptera calnuensis; todas estas especies constituyen el primer registro para Chile. Esté es también el primer hallazgo de P. calnuensis en este hospedador. Syphacia obvelata fue la especie más prevalente y abundante.

Helmintofauna del roedor Abrothrix olivaceus (Sigmodontinae) en áreas sub-urbanas de Santiago de Chile / The helminthfauna of the rodent Abrothrix olivaceus (Sigmodontinae) in su-urban localities of Santiago, Chile

The wild rodent, Abrothrix olivaceus, is a widespread species in Chile using different habitats troughout the territory. Its helminthfauna has been partially studied in wild enviroments in Chile. In this work five nematodes and one species ofcestode were found. Three of them are first record in this host: Syphacia obvelata, Physaloptera calnuensis and Heterakis spumosa, and this last one, is first record in Chile. It is suggested that one structuring factor is the locality: one of the three localities studied had more mean abundance and prevalence in two parasites species and as a component community. It is also suggested that other structuring factor of this helminth community is the introduction of parasites from foreign species. This is the first study of its helminthes in sub-urban localities and in the Region Metropolitana.

El ratón oliváceo (Abrothrix olivaceus) se distribuye ampliamente a lo largo de Chile abarcando diversos ambientes. Su helmintofauna ha sido parcialmente estudiada en diversas áreas silvestres del país. En este trabajo se encontraron cinco especies de nemátodes y un cestode. Tres de estas especies parásitas se registran por primera vez en este hospedador: Syphacia obvelata, Physaloptera calnuensis y Heterakis spumosa, y esta última se registra por primera vez en Chile. Se sugiere que uno de los factores estructurantes es la localidad de muestreo: una de las tres localidades estudiadas presentó significativamente mayor abundancia media y prevalencia en dos especies de parásitos y como comunidad componente. Se sugiere que otro factor estructurante es la introducción de parásitos desde especies exóticas. Éste es el primer estudio de la helmintofauna de este roedor en localidades suburbanas y en la Región Metropolitana.

Qualidade de hortaliças comercializadas no noroeste do Paraná, Brasil / Quality of green vegetables marketed in the northwest of Parana, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parasito-logicamente a qualidade de hortaliças consumidas cruas provenientes de locais de produção e de feiras livres do município de Maringá, Paraná. De julho/2002 a julho/2004, foram coletadas 66 amostras de hortaliças em 13 chácaras e 181 amostras em 17 feiras livres. Pés de alface (variedades lisa, crespa e americana), maços de agrião e rúcula, recolhidos aleatoriamente e em triplicata foram submetidos às técnicas de Oliveira & Germano, Kynioun e à pesquisa de coliformes totais e termotolerantes. O índice total de parasitismo das hortaliças de feiras (63 por cento) e chácaras (71,1 por cento) não diferiu estatisticamente. As hortaliças das chácaras mostraram-se mais parasitadas por protozoários (10/47) que as das feiras (19/114). Larvas de Rhabditoidea e ovos de Ancylostomatoidea encontravam-se igualmente distribuídos nas hortaliças de ambos os locais. Formas parasitárias de outras espécies foram também encontradas. Todas as amostras de alface crespa coletadas nas chácaras estavam contaminadas por bactérias totais e termoto-lerantes em índices não compatíveis com o consumo humano. São discutidos ainda a dificuldade em se diagnosticar laboratorialmente gênero e espécie de parasitas de interesse humano observados em hortaliças e os desafios da vigilância epidemiológica na busca de boa qualidade para hortaliças ingeridas cruas.

This work had the objective of performing a parasitological evaluation of fresh vegetables colleted from production places and free markets of Maringá, Paraná. From July/2002 to July/2004, 66 samples were collected in 13 smallholdings and 181 samples in 17 free markets. Heads of lettuce (varieties flat, curly and American), watercress and rocket salad, picked up randomly and in triplicate, were submitted to Oliveira & Germano's and Kynioun staining techniques and to the research of total and thermotolerant coliforms. The total index of parasitism of the vegetables of free markets (63%) and smallholdings (71.1%) didn't differ statistically. The fresh vegetables from smallholdings have shown more protozoa than (10/47) that from the free markets (19/114). Rhabditoidea larvae and Ancylostomatoidea eggs were equally distributed in the fresh vegetables of both places. Parasitic forms of other species were also found. All the curly lettuce samples collected in the smallholdings presented total and thermotolerant bacteria index incompatible with the human consumption. The difficult in doing laboratorial diagnose at the genre and specie level of the human parasites in fresh vegetables and the sanitary surveillance challenges in the obtaining of good quality products were discussed.

Parasitosis intestinales y su relación con factores socioeconómicos y condiciones de habitat en niños de Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina / Intestinal parasitosis in relation to socioeconomic factors and habitat conditions in children of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina

Se investigó la prevalencia y distribución de parásitos intestinales (PI) en niños de 2 poblaciones de diferente nivel socioeconómico del área periurbana de la ciudad de Neuquén (Sectores I y II) a fin de evaluar su relación con las condiciones de hábitat y factores socio-económicos. Se procesaron muestras seriadas de materia fecal y de escobillado anal de 126 niños entre 2 y 14 años de edad. Se registraron datos acerca de condiciones de hábitat y factores socioeconómicos mediante visitas domiciliarias y encuestas observaciones estructuradas. Se detectó presencia de PI en el 50,7 por ciento de los niños del Sector I (barrio suburbano con adecuadas condiciones sanitarias y nivel socioeconómico medio o medio-bajo) y en el 92,9 por ciento de los niños del Sector II (asentamiento marginal con deficientes condiciones sanitarias y bajo nivel socioeconómico). Se identificaron 7 especies de protozoos intestinales y 4 especies de helmintos. Blastocystis hominis fue la especie más frecuente encontrada en ambas poblaciones. No se encontraron helmintos diferentes de Enterobius vermicularis en el Sector I y la prevalencia de tales especies fue muy baja en el Sector II. Las condiciones de hábitat deficientes y los bajos parámetros socioeconómicos se relacionaron con una mayor prevalencia de PI de transmisión directa como protozoos y E. vermicularis en las poblaciones estudiadas. Sin embargo, aún en ese contexto favorable a la transmisión, las especies parasitarias que requieren estadíos intermedios de maduración en el suelo no encuentran un hábitat adecuado para su diseminación en esta región patagónica.

The prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites (IP) were investigated in children from two populations of different socioeconomic level, located in the same area of the city of Neuquén, in order to evaluate their relationship with habitat conditions and socioeconomic factors. Serial samples of faeces and anal scraping of 126 children between 2 and 14 years from two sectors of the suburban area of Neuquen (Sector I and Sector II) were analyzed. Data concerning habitat conditions and socioeconomic parameters were obtained by home visits and an observational structured survey. Presence of IP was detected in 50.7% of children from Sector I (suburban neighborhood with adequate sanitary conditions and middle or middle low socioeconomic level) and in 92.9% from children of Sector II (marginal settlement with poor sanitary conditions and low socioeconomic status). Seven intestinal protozoan and 4 helminth species were identified. Blastocystis hominis was the most frequent species found in both populations. No helminths different from Enterobius vermicularis were found in Sector I and the prevalence of such species was very low in Sector II. Deficient habitat conditions and low socioeconomic parameters showed relation with a higher prevalence of IP of direct transmission as protozoan and E.vermicularis in the studied populations. Nevertheless, even in this context favourable to transmission, the parasitic species which require intermediate stages of development in soil, don't find an adequate habitat for dissemination in this region

Avaliação nutricional em crianças com infecçoes por enteroparasitas / Nutritional evaluation of children with enteroparasitosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the nutritious state in children of low social-economic class in order to look over a possible corelationship among this status and the infections caused by enteroparasites. METHODS: 103 children were submitted to a nutritions evolution and to accomplish a exam of serial samples. The method employed searched protozoan cystos, helmints eggs and larvae and it counted helmint eggs when presented through 4 different methods of diagnosis. RESULTS: The results obtained show that the poor environmental and social-economic conditions helped create a high infectious frequency caused by enteroparasites, mainly by Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides, among the helminthes, and Endolimax nana and Giardia lamblia, among the protozoans. light malnutrition without protein deficit was found in 93.55% and moderate malnutrition in 6.45% of the children malnutrition (30.7%). CONCLUSION: Then, it is possible to suggest that children besides bearing many parasitosis were not weth their nutritional state deeply compromised.

Viability of Bovine`s Strongyloidea eggs in a System of Anaerobic Biodigestion

Cattle Strongyloidea egg-viability was studied in closed system of anaerobic biodigestion. Two thirds of a biodigestor were filled with liquified manure from eight Hosltein cows, nacturally infected. For 10 consecutive weeks of observation, the biodigestor internal temperature varied from 24ºC to 28ºC and external temperature, from 26ºC to 33ºC. All the effluent samples showed a constant pH of 7. The samples of the effluent were weekly collected, in a total of 10, and submitted to techniques to detect the presence and viability of the helminth eggs. It was detected a 35-day egg viability. The infective larvae of Haemonchus, Cooperia and Oesophagostomum genus were found until the 14th day of observation and the infective larvae of Trichostrongylus and Ostertagia genus, until the 35th day. Therefore, liquefied cattle manure containing Strongyloidea eggs must remain under anaerobic conditions for at least 35 days before its safe return to the environment.

Erradicación de helmintos intestinales en Costa Rica / Erradication of intestinal helmiths in Costa Rica

Con el fin de establecer posibles cambios en la helmintiasis intestinal, a partir de 1966 que pudieran ser relacionadas con las marcadas mejoras socioeconómicas del país, se realizó un estudio similar, tomando como base la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición de 1982. La muestra, al igual que la de 1966, fue aleatoria y consistió de familias completas. Los métodos de campo y de laboratório en ambos estudios fueron básicamente los mismos. La comparación de las dos encuestas reveló una marcada reducción en el nivel del parasitismo de todas las especies investigadas (Ascaris, Trichuris, Ancylostoma-Necator e Hymenolepis nana) tanto en áreas urbanas como rurales. Los cambios fueron tan dramáticos que en 1982 no se detectaron del todo algunas de las especies de helmintos en ciertos grupos etarios. Por otro lado, la frecuencia de infecciones leves y moderadas también había disminuido en forma significativa en 1982 en comparación con 1966. La única explicación de los cambios dramáticos ocurridos en un lapso de 16 años es la interacción de mejoras en educación, saneamento ambiental, higiene personal (disposición de excretas, uso de zapatos y empleo de jabón) y tratamiento periódico de la población parasitada en establecimientos de salud y por automedicación. La extrapolación de las líneas trazadas entre datos de las dos encuestas, sugiere que las helmintiasis están en vías de extinción. Si las medidas que indujeron los cambios se mantuviesen o aún mejoras en el futuro inmediato podría esperarse que ya en 1988 no se detectarán infecciones por Ascaris, Trichuris, e H. nana en la población general, aunque podrían persistir focos de uncinarias en poblaciones indígenas y nuevos colonos que no hayan adoptado el calzado ni letrinas ...